E like me nā kūlana hoʻohālikelike ʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā logistic kaulahao i nā ʻano like ʻole.No ka laʻana, mai ke ʻano hana wale nō, ʻelua mau ʻano:
ʻO ka mea mua e hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka "pahu pahu + ʻeke anuanu", i kapa ʻia ʻo "package cold chain", i ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻolo ponoʻī e hana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi kūpono no ka mālama pōkole o nā huahana hou.ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻohele ʻia nā huahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana logistic maʻamau, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai logistic.
ʻO ke ʻano ʻelua, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana logistic kaulahao maoli, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka waihona anu ma ke kumu a hiki i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea kūʻai hope loa, aia nā loulou logistic āpau i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻoia ai i ke kaulahao mau o ke kaulahao anu.Ma kēia ʻano, pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ka mahana o ke kaulahao anu holoʻokoʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "chain cold chain".Eia nō naʻe, kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi no ka ʻōnaehana logistic kaulahao holoʻokoʻa, paʻakikī ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana logistic maʻamau e hana, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hana holoʻokoʻa.
Akā, ʻaʻohe mea o nā mea hoʻohālike i hoʻohana ʻia ma luna aʻe nei, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia nā mea hoʻohuhū i hiki ke mālama i ka mahana, ka insulating wela, ka haʻalulu a me ka buffering i mea kūpono.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka logistic kaulahao anuanu a me ka lawe ʻana he polyurethane foam, polypropylene foam a me polystyrene foam.Loaʻa nā huakaʻi, nā pahu pahu hau a me ka mālama anuanu ma nā wahi āpau.
ʻO ka ʻūhā Polystyrene (EPS)
He polimer māmā ka EPS.Ma muli o kona kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mea hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kahua hōʻailona holoʻokoʻa, helu ʻia ma kahi o 60%.Hana ʻia ka resin polystyrene ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoulu ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana o ka hoʻonui mua, hoʻōla, hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hoʻomaloʻo a ʻokiʻoki.ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka lua pani o EPS e hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi o ka insulation thermal, a haʻahaʻa loa ka conductivity thermal.ʻO ka thermal conductivity o nā papa EPS o nā kikoʻī like ʻole ma waena o 0.024W / mK ~ 0.041W / mK He maikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me ka hopena mālama anu i ka logistics.
Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano he mea thermoplastic, e heheʻe ka EPS i ka wā i wela ai a lilo i paʻa i ka wā i hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, a ʻo kona wela deformation wela ma kahi o 70 ° C, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā incubators EPS i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pahu pahu ma lalo o 70 ° C.Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana ma 70 ° C, e hoʻemi ʻia ka ikaika o ka pahu, a e hana ʻia nā mea ʻawaʻawa ma muli o ka volatilization o styrene.No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻōpala EPS a ʻaʻole hiki ke puhi ʻia.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka paʻakikī o nā incubators EPS, ʻoi aku ka awelika o ka hana buffering, a maʻalahi ke hōʻino ʻia i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia no ke kaulahao pōkole pōkole. ka lawe ʻana, a me ka ʻoihana meaʻai e like me ka ʻiʻo a me ka moa.Nā pā a me nā mea hoʻopili no ka meaʻai wikiwiki.He pōkole ke ola lawelawe o kēia mau huahana, ma kahi o 50% o nā huahana polystyrene foam he 2 mau makahiki wale nō, a ʻo 97% o nā huahana polystyrene foam he ola lawelawe ma lalo o 10 mau makahiki, e hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻO ka nui o ka EPS foam ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka EPS foam, no laila ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka pollution keʻokeʻo: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka EPS ma mua o 60% o nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo i haumia i ka moana!A ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili no ka EPS, hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohāhā HCFC i ke kaʻina hana hū, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā huahana e loaʻa i kahi ʻala.He 1,000 manawa ka nui o ka ozone depletion o HCFC ma mua o ka carbon dioxide.No laila, mai ka makahiki 2010, ua kau kānāwai ka United Nations, United States, European Union, China, South Korea, Iapana, a me nā ʻāina (hui) a me nā ʻāina e pāpā ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics hoʻohana hoʻokahi me ka polystyrene foam. , a ua koi nā kānaka i kahi "palapala alanui hoʻoponopono".
ʻO ka ʻōhuʻa polyurethane paʻa (PU Foam)
ʻO ka PU Foam kahi polymer molecular kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia i ka isocyanate a me ka polyether ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu, ma lalo o ka hana o nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole e like me nā mea hoʻoulu, catalysts, flame retardants, etc., i hui pū ʻia e nā mea hana kūikawā, a hoʻoulu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele e nā kiʻekiʻe- kaomi kaomi ʻana.Loaʻa iā ia nā hana hoʻoheheʻe wela a me ka wai ʻole, a loaʻa iā ia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā mea hoʻonaninani wela kūlohelohe i kēia manawa.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka paʻakikī o ka PU.ʻO ke ʻano o nā incubators PU i kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano kūʻai: ʻo ka pūpū meaʻai-grade PE, a ʻo ka papa hoʻopiha waena he polyurethane (PU) foam.ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hana hou ʻana o kēia ʻano hui.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo PU i loko o nā freezers a me nā friji e like me nā mea hoʻopiha insulation.Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻoi aku ma mua o 95% o nā pahu hau a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani i ka honua e hoʻohana i ka polyurethane rigid foam ma ke ʻano he mea insulation.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaulahao anuanu, ʻelua mau mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani wela polyurethane, ʻo ka mea e hoʻomalu i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona, a ʻo kekahi e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai pale ahi.Ma kēia mea, nui nā mea hana insulation polyurethane a me nā mea hoʻolako ʻenehana insulation kaulahao e hoʻomohala nei i nā hopena hou:
Eia kekahi, ke kūkulu nei nā mea hou e like me ka polyisocyanurate foam material PIR, phenolic foam material (PF), foamed cement board a me ka foamed glass board e kūkulu pū ana i nā mea kūlohelohe a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka logistics kaulahao.hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻO Polypropylene foam (EPP)
ʻO ka EPP kahi mea polymer crystalline maikaʻi loa me ka hana maikaʻi loa, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o ke ʻano mea hou o ka mea hoʻonaninani compressive buffer insulation.Ke hoʻohana nei i ka PP ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu nui, hana ʻia nā ʻeke puaʻa e ka ʻenehana foaming kino.ʻAʻole ʻona a ʻono ʻole ka huahana, a ʻaʻole e hoʻohua mai ka wela i nā mea ʻawaʻawa, a hiki ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia me ka meaʻai.Maikaʻi thermal insulation, thermal conductivity ma kahi o 0.039W/m·k, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ikaika mechanical ma mua o EPS a me PU, a ʻaʻohe lepo i ka friction a i ʻole ka hopena;a he maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa o ka wela a me ke anu, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaiapuni o -30 ° C a 110 ° C.hoʻohana ma lalo.Eia kekahi, no ka EPS a me ka PU, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o kona kaumaha, hiki ke hoʻemi nui i ke kaumaha o ka mea, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai lawe.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka halihali kaulahao anu, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pahu pahu EPP e like me nā pahu huli, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a paʻa, a hiki ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻohana.Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻohana hou ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaumia keʻokeʻo.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana hāʻawi meaʻai hou, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Ele.me, Meituan, a me Hema Xiansheng, koho maʻamau e hoʻohana i nā incubators EPP.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai e pili nui ana ka ʻāina a me ka lehulehu i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke ala ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kaulahao kaulahao.ʻElua mau ʻaoʻao nui, ʻo ia ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻeke.Mai kēia manaʻo, e wikiwiki ʻia ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka polypropylene foaming.Manaʻo ʻia ka mea e hoʻololi hou aku i nā mea momona o ka polyurethane a me ka polystyrene, a he wā e hiki mai ana.
Mea hoʻoheheʻe biodegradable
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i loko o ke kaulahao logistic packaging kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka pahu logistic chain chain.I kēia manawa, ʻekolu ʻano nui o nā mea biodegradable i kūkulu ʻia: polylactic acid PLA series (me PLA, PGA, PLAGA, etc.), polybutylene succinate PBS series (me PBS, PBAT, PBSA, PBST, PBIAT etc.) , polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA series (me PHA, PHB, PHBV).Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ikaika hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o kēia mau mea he ʻilihune maʻamau a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ma luna o nā mea hana hoʻomāhuahua mau, a ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka huʻa, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waiwai kino o nā huahana foamed.
I kēia hopena, ua puka mai nā ʻano hana hoʻohua hou i loko o ka ʻoihana.No ka laʻana, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Synbra i Netherlands i ka honua polylactic acid foaming material mua, BioFoam, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka mold, a ua loaʻa i ka hana nui;alakaʻi i ka home Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ka mea hana mea hana ʻo USEON i ka ʻenehana hana o ka multi-layer structure PLA foam board.Hoʻohana ka hoʻololi i ka papa waena foam, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana insulation thermal, a ʻo ke kino ʻili paʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka ikaika mechanical.
pulu pulupulu
ʻO ka mea fiber foam kekahi mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka logistics kaʻa kaʻa.Eia nō naʻe, i ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka incubator i hana ʻia i ka fiber foam me ka plastic, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui, e hoʻonui ai i ke kumukūʻai.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā franchisees i kēlā me kēia kūlanakauhale ma ke ʻano o ka franchises, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai mauʻu kūloko e lawelawe i ka mākeke kūloko ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Wahi a ka ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia e ka Cold Chain Committee o ka China Federation of Things a me ka Prospective Industry Research Institute, ʻo ka nui o ka noi no nā logistic kaulahao anuanu ma koʻu ʻāina i ka makahiki 2019 ua hiki i 261 miliona mau tons, kahi i loaʻa ai ke koi no ka logistic kaulahao meaʻai. 235 miliona tona.Ua hoʻomau ka ʻoihana i ka ulu wikiwiki i ka hapalua makahiki.Ua lawe mai kēia i ka manawa kūʻai kūʻai hoʻokahi manawa i ka ʻoihana mea hoʻohua.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e ʻike nā ʻoihana hoʻoulu ʻana e pili ana i ka logistic kaulahao i ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, mālama i ka ikehu a me ka ʻoihana palekana i mea e hopu ai i nā manawa mākeke a loaʻa nā pono pili i ka mākeke loli mau.ʻO ka hoʻolālā hoʻokūkū mau e hana i ka ʻoihana i kahi kūlana invincible.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-22-2022